Now that we have Aperture all covered (big number, big focus/little number, little focus) lets move onto Shutter Speed.
This one is a little more obvious and not as tricky on the brainy as understanding aperture, but there are a couple tips and tricks you should know BEFORE setting that shutter speed.
Shutter Speed is the amount of time the shutter is open. Duh , right? You may be thinking, “K, I want that baby to stay open for a whole lot of time, I’ll dial to a big giant number”. Not so easy. Your shutter measures in seconds so when you dial to 125 you are setting your shutter to 1/125 of a second versus 50, or 1/50 of a second, the latter being a longer amount of time. The higher your number the faster your shutter. To make things easier, forget the whole parts of a second and just think…125 is faster then 20 (1/20) and so on.
You will probably adjust your Shutter Speed based on the subject you are trying to capture. If you are shooting a grown adult who understands the words “Stay still” you can go with a smaller Shutter Speed number. A running tot will require a much higher speed. Jumping kids, racing bikes, birds in flight will require even higher speeds (unless of course you are going for the look of moving subjects and moving light).
As with all other points of the Exposure triangle, each of these, whether it be Aperture, ISO or Shutter Speed measure light. The wider or longer open the more light will come in. There may be times when you have to lower that Shutter Speed just for better lighting, not necessarily to “freeze” your subject.
Example: Your shooting a little tot in a house with bad natural light. You want some blur to keep your focus on the child and not on the pile of laundry behind him. You set your Aperture to 2.8. Your already at 600 ISO and your shuttering (no pun intended) at that thought of going higher and getting nothing but LOUD noise and your shutter speed is set to 400. Many would be quick to up that ISO and hope for the best. Set your Shutter Speed to 125. You might even be able to lower that ISO now that you are letting in some more light by way of your shutter staying open longer.
There are a couple rules to live by when playing with Shutter Speed:
1. Do you want to “freeze” your subject? The higher you go, the better freeze. But you don’t necessarily have to be at 1/1000 to get them frozen. Test it out…You may find that you are “assuming” your shutter has to be as high as you have it, but in fact you may be able to dial down a bit and lower that ISO.
2. Camera Shake. Did you just take a picture of a still object and its still looks like it is on the move? It is way too blurry and you just don’t know why? Meet camera shake. We are all human. We need to breathe. Breathing will cause blur. How you hold your camera, if not steady, will cause blur. The general rule is this. Your Shutter Speed should not be less than your focal length. Example: Your shooting with your nifty 50, your shutter speed should not be less than 1/50. You change over to your 135mm, get that shutter speed up to 1/135 or higher. When using low Shutter Speeds. Take a big old deep breath, bring your elbows in close to your body, hold still and snap. Then breathe. Please remember to go back to breathing.
Of course lenses with Image Stabilization will handle much better than those without, keep that in mind when purchasing your next piece of glass.
3. Get out the tripod! Or at least place your camera on something steady. It is sometimes inevitable and something we can not avoid at times. Try it out at the next birthday party. Just as little Johnny is blowing out those candles. You’ll be glad you did!
4. Find a stable focus point and get creative. When photographing water or even a bicycle, heck any moving object. Set your focal point on a “still” object in frame. Set that shutter speed down low and click away. There is nothing like being able to capture movement, being able to almost feel the movement in a still photograph.
5. Use BULB mode and have some fun. What is BULB? The bulb function on your camera allows YOU to open and close the shutter at your liking. You can leave that bad boy open for 10 minutes if you would like. Check it out and see what happens.
I apologize fr the lack of photo examples in this post. We are getting ready for some new things coming to PI and there just wasn’t enough time! Head over the the PI group and share your Shutter Speed examples, whether they are high or low. As always, if you have some good tips and tricks on using and Shutter Speed, share them here…you might be helping someone just “get it”.